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Related Concept Videos

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation02:35

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor depends on the temperature of the system; a rise in temperature causes a corresponding rise in the vapor pressure of its liquid. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation gives the quantitative relation between a substance’s vapor pressure (P) and its temperature (T); it predicts the rate at which vapor pressure increases per unit increase in temperature.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure01:11

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

The partial pressure of a gas is a measure of the thermodynamic activity of the gas's molecules. The pressure that a gas would create if it occupied the total volume available is called the gas's partial pressure. If two or more gases are mixed together in a container, the molecules move randomly and collide with each other, causing them to reach thermal equilibrium. When the gases have the same temperature, their molecules have the same average kinetic energy. Thus, each gas obeys the ideal...
Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions01:29

Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions

Nonideal liquid solutions, also known as real solutions, do not strictly follow Raoult's law. Raoult's law is a rule of thumb in physical chemistry. However, not all mixtures adhere to this law due to varying molecular interactions. For example, in an acetone/chloroform solution, the individual vapor pressures of the components are lower than expected, resulting in a total vapor pressure below that predicted by Raoult's law, causing a negative deviation.On the other hand, in an ethanol/water...
Partial Derivatives and Gas Laws01:26

Partial Derivatives and Gas Laws

In functions with multiple variables, partial derivatives describe how a function changes with respect to one variable while keeping the others constant. A partial derivative is calculated from the ordinary derivative of the function with respect to the desired variable, while treating the other variables as constants. Consider the function z = f(x, y). The partial derivative of the function z with respect to x at constant y is written as (∂z/∂x)y, using 'curly d'. It essentially tells us how z...
Vapor Pressure of Fluid01:28

Vapor Pressure of Fluid

The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
When a liquid is placed in a closed container with a small air space, and the space is evacuated, vapor molecules will...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample
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Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Published on: March 21, 2016

Anomalous temperature dependence for a partial vapor pressure.

J A Roberts, A W Searcy

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 29, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    The partial pressure of gallium subsulfide (Ga(2)S) unexpectedly rises as temperature drops within a specific range. This anomaly stems from evolving solid phase compositions at 1228 K, differing by 0.4 atomic percent sulfur.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Chemical Thermodynamics
    • Solid-State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Gallium sesquisulfide (Ga(2)S(3)) is a compound with complex phase behavior.
    • Understanding the vapor pressure of its decomposition products is crucial for materials processing and chemical equilibrium studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the anomalous partial pressure behavior of gallium subsulfide (Ga(2)S) above gallium sesquisulfide (Ga(2)S(3)).
    • To identify the underlying cause of this anomaly through analysis of solid-phase equilibrium compositions.

    Main Methods:

    • Thermodynamic measurements of partial pressure within a defined temperature range.
    • Analysis of equilibrium solid-phase compositions at a specific temperature (1228 K).

    Main Results:

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    • Observed an inverse relationship between temperature and Ga(2)S partial pressure in a limited range.
    • Identified two coexisting solid phases at 1228 ± 3 K.
    • Determined a sulfur content difference of 0.4 atomic percent between the two solid phases.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed anomaly in Ga(2)S partial pressure is directly linked to temperature-dependent shifts in the equilibrium between two distinct solid phases.
    • The differing sulfur content of these phases drives the unusual thermodynamic behavior.