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Related Experiment Videos

Bipolar spin switch.

M Johnson

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 16, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Spin-polarized currents in ferromagnetic films create a "spin bottleneck" effect in gold. A device with two ferromagnetic films shows output voltage dependent on electron spin orientation, enabling novel spintronic applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Spintronics

    Background:

    • Ferromagnetic films can polarize electron spins in electric currents, similar to optical polarizers.
    • Fabricating ferromagnetic films on gold induces a nonequilibrium spin-polarized electron population, leading to a 'spin bottleneck' effect.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the spin polarization of electrons in ferromagnetic-gold heterostructures.
    • To develop a device utilizing spin-polarized currents for voltage generation.
    • To explore the relationship between spin orientation and output voltage in a multilayered spintronic device.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a thin ferromagnetic film on a gold film.
    • Introduction of a second ferromagnetic film to create a multilayered structure.

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  • Measurement of output voltage as a function of spin orientation.

    • Main Results:

    • A 'spin bottleneck' effect was observed due to the nonequilibrium population of spin-polarized electrons in gold.
    • The output voltage of the fabricated device was found to be dependent on the relative orientation of the electron spins.
    • Demonstration of spin-dependent transport phenomena in ferromagnetic/metal heterostructures.

    Conclusions:

    • Thin ferromagnetic films effectively polarize electron spins, analogous to optical polarizers.
    • The 'spin bottleneck' effect in gold is a key phenomenon in spin-polarized current transport.
    • A device incorporating two ferromagnetic films can generate a voltage sensitive to spin orientation, paving the way for spintronic devices.