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Three-dimensional methods in seismic exploration.

R Graebner, C Wason, H Meinardus

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 6, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Three-dimensional seismic prospecting overcomes limitations of 2D methods for petroleum exploration. This technique accurately maps subsurface geology and rock properties, improving reserve discovery and reducing development costs.

    Area of Science:

    • Geophysics
    • Petroleum Exploration
    • Seismic Imaging

    Background:

    • Two-dimensional seismic methods are insufficient for complex geological challenges in oil and gas exploration.
    • Accurate subsurface imaging is crucial for efficient resource discovery and field development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) seismic techniques over traditional 2D methods.
    • To explain how 3D seismic data acquisition and processing improve geological problem-solving in petroleum exploration.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a comprehensive data collection and processing system for adequate subsurface sampling.
    • Employing the scalar wave equation to image acoustic reflectivity of rocks.
    • Accurately mapping subsurface structure and lithology.

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    Main Results:

    • 3D seismic techniques provide superior subsurface resolution compared to 2D methods.
    • Accurate imaging of acoustic reflectivity allows for precise mapping of geological structures and rock types.
    • The scalar wave equation effectively models wave propagation for enhanced imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • Three-dimensional seismic methods are essential for addressing complex geological problems in petroleum exploration.
    • The economic benefits of 3D seismic, including enhanced reserve discovery and reduced development costs, justify its implementation in the oil industry.