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Related Concept Videos

Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.Gene flow and natural selection are evolutionary mechanisms that shape the outcome of a hybrid zone. Gene flow...

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Delaware river: evidence for its former extension to wilmington submarine canyon.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·1977
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside
09:06

Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside

Published on: July 3, 2016

Yukon River: Evidence for Extensive Migration during the Holocene Transgression.

H J Knebel, J S Creager

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 23, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Yukon River shifted over 300 km northward during the Holocene sea-level rise. Evidence includes ancient river channels and sediments on the Bering Sea shelf, indicating its path before 11,000 years ago.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geology
    • Quaternary Science
    • Oceanography

    Background:

    • The Yukon River's historical course is crucial for understanding Bering Sea paleogeography.
    • Holocene sea-level changes significantly impacted coastal river systems and sediment deposition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To reconstruct the paleochannel of the Yukon River during the Holocene sea-level transgression.
    • To identify the factors controlling the river's northward migration across the Bering Sea continental shelf.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of seismic reflection data to identify subbottom structures and remanent channels.
    • Sediment core analysis to determine sediment composition and accumulation rates.
    • Geological mapping of the east-central Bering Sea continental shelf.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence of a major river system south of Nunivak Island during the Wisconsin maximum.
    • Identification of distinct subbottom structures and deltaic sediments indicating northward river migration.
    • Anomalous sediment accumulation rates on the shelf, consistent with a large riverine input.

    Conclusions:

    • The Yukon River migrated over 300 km northward during the Holocene, establishing its present course.
    • River migration was driven by Holocene sea-level transgression and influenced by shelf topography.
    • These findings provide insights into Quaternary landscape evolution in the Bering Sea region.