Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2026

In vivo Liver Endocytosis Followed by Purification of Liver Cells by Liver Perfusion
12:35

In vivo Liver Endocytosis Followed by Purification of Liver Cells by Liver Perfusion

Published on: November 10, 2011

Biosynthesis of sphingomyelin in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum

E M Lyman, C L Knowles, M Sribney

    Canadian Journal of Biochemistry
    |April 1, 1976
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Live Imaging Assay for Assessing the Roles of Ca2+ and Sphingomyelinase in the Repair of Pore-forming Toxin Wounds18:25

    Live Imaging Assay for Assessing the Roles of Ca2+ and Sphingomyelinase in the Repair of Pore-forming Toxin Wounds

    Published on: August 25, 2013

    Lipid Exchange Assay in Living Cells08:59

    Lipid Exchange Assay in Living Cells

    Published on: March 21, 2025

    Related Concept Videos

    Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

    Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

    Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
    The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

    The Endoplasmic Reticulum

    The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
    Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

    Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

    Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
    Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

    Protein Modifications in the RER

    Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
    Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
    Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

    Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

    The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
    The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
    Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

    Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

    Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
    A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...