Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
10:16

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: October 12, 2018

Antibody formation: stimulation by polyadenylic and polycytidylic acids

W Braun, M Nakano

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 18, 1967
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting11:58

    Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting

    Published on: March 8, 2018

    Antibody Binding Specificity for Kappa (Vκ) Light Chain-containing Human (IgM) Antibodies: Polysialic Acid (PSA) Attached to NCAM as a Case Study11:10

    Antibody Binding Specificity for Kappa (Vκ) Light Chain-containing Human (IgM) Antibodies: Polysialic Acid (PSA) Attached to NCAM as a Case Study

    Published on: June 29, 2016

    Related Concept Videos

    Antibody Structure01:10

    Antibody Structure

    Overview
    Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
    The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
    Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
    Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

    Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

    An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
    Complete Antigens
    Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
    Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

    Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

    Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
    Affinity and Avidity01:41

    Affinity and Avidity

    Overview
    Antibody Actions01:26

    Antibody Actions

    Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
    Neutralization
    Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
    Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

    Antibody Structure and Classes

    Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
    The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.