Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Assumptions of Survival Analysis01:15

Assumptions of Survival Analysis

Survival models analyze the time until one or more events occur, such as death in biological organisms or failure in mechanical systems. These models are widely used across fields like medicine, biology, engineering, and public health to study time-to-event phenomena. To ensure accurate results, survival analysis relies on key assumptions and careful study design.
Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Survival Curves01:18

Survival Curves

Survival curves are graphical representations that depict the survival experience of a population over time, offering an intuitive way to track the proportion of individuals who remain event-free at each time point. These curves are widely used in fields such as medicine, public health, and reliability engineering to visualize and compare survival probabilities across different groups or conditions.
The Kaplan-Meier estimator is the most common method for constructing survival curves. This...
Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different reasons...
Life Histories01:29

Life Histories

Constrained by limited energy and resources, organisms must compromise between offspring quantity and parental investment. This trade-off is represented by two primary reproductive strategies; K-strategists produce few offspring but provide substantial parental support, whereas r-strategists produce much progeny that receives little care. These strategies are related to an organism’s survival likelihood across its lifespan, which is represented by a survivorship curve. Three general types of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Slow Codes, Ethics, and Empirical Inquiry: A Reply to Lu and Lederman.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Who Pays the Heat Debt? Ethics, Labour, and Governance in a Warming World.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Respectful Debiasing in Democratic Deliberation.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Maintaining the Divide: The Legitimate Role for the Public in Health and Science Policymaking.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Living Medicine in the Shadow of Genocide.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Deliberative Groups and Health Measurement.

Bioethics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Survival lotteries reconsidered.

Gerhard Øverland1

  • 1University of Melbourne, Melbourne. gerhardo@unimelb.edu.au

Bioethics
|September 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A survival lottery could save lives by redistributing organs. This paper argues that a "Local Lottery," where compatible organ recipients are randomized, is ethically permissible, unlike broader national or group-specific lotteries.

Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Medical Ethics
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Organ failure is a significant cause of death, necessitating innovative solutions for organ allocation.
  • John Harris proposed a survival lottery in 1975 to improve organ redistribution and reduce mortality.
  • Ethical considerations surrounding organ donation and transplantation remain a critical area of debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the ethical permissibility of survival lotteries for organ redistribution.
  • To analyze the contractual justifications for prospective participants' consent to organ lotteries.
  • To evaluate different models of survival lotteries based on feasibility and ethical implications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of John Harris's survival lottery concept from a contractualist ethical framework.

More Related Videos

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data
04:57

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data

Published on: October 23, 2020

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
10:00

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: January 7, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data
04:57

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data

Published on: October 23, 2020

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
10:00

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: January 7, 2013

  • Identification and examination of three distinct survival lottery models: National, Group Specific, and Local Lotteries.
  • Assessment of fairness, feasibility, and potential negative consequences associated with each lottery model.

    • Main Results:

    • The National Lottery model faces significant fairness challenges.
    • The Group Specific Lottery model presents implementation difficulties and potential for undesirable outcomes.
    • The Local Lottery model, involving randomization among compatible individuals in need of different organs, is deemed permissible.

    Conclusions:

    • While National and Group Specific Lotteries raise substantial ethical and practical concerns, the Local Lottery offers a ethically justifiable approach to organ allocation.
    • The contractual perspective supports the permissibility of Local Lotteries for organ redistribution.
    • Further consideration of Local Lotteries could provide a viable strategy to mitigate deaths from organ failure.