Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prognostic value of quantifying vascular inflammation through ultrasound in patients with giant cell arteritis: the MAGiCUS study.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

The distinct phenotype of subclinical giant cell arteritis in polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence from a PMR fast-track clinic.

EULAR rheumatology open·2026
Same author

Supporting Work Participation in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disorders: Outcomes from Work-Able Solutions a Multisite Work-Focused Occupational Therapy Intervention.

Journal of occupational rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Erratum to: How ultrasound changed the practice of rheumatology: echoes of a 30-year collaboration.

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie·2026
Same author

CROCHET: a versatile pipeline for automated analysis and visual atlas creation from single-cell spatialomic data.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

How ultrasound changed the practice of rheumatology: echoes of a 30-year collaboration.

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Determining Genetic Expression Profiles in C. elegans Using Microarray and Real-time PCR
10:27

Determining Genetic Expression Profiles in C. elegans Using Microarray and Real-time PCR

Published on: July 30, 2011

The LeFE algorithm: embracing the complexity of gene expression in the interpretation of microarray data.

Gabriel S Eichler1, Mark Reimers, David Kane

  • 1Genomics and Bioinformatics Groups, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Genome Biology
|September 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Learner of Functional Enrichment (LeFE) is a new machine learning algorithm that improves the interpretation of complex microarray data. It identifies significant biological themes more effectively than existing methods.

More Related Videos

Bacterial Gene Expression Analysis Using Microarrays
29:41

Bacterial Gene Expression Analysis Using Microarrays

Published on: May 28, 2007

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
11:44

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Published on: March 30, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Determining Genetic Expression Profiles in C. elegans Using Microarray and Real-time PCR
10:27

Determining Genetic Expression Profiles in C. elegans Using Microarray and Real-time PCR

Published on: July 30, 2011

Bacterial Gene Expression Analysis Using Microarrays
29:41

Bacterial Gene Expression Analysis Using Microarrays

Published on: May 28, 2007

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
11:44

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Published on: March 30, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Microarray data analysis is challenging due to complex, nonlinear gene regulation.
  • Existing methods often fail to capture these nonlinear dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Learner of Functional Enrichment (LeFE), a novel algorithm for microarray data interpretation.
  • Evaluate LeFE's performance against established algorithms like Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed LeFE using a Random Forest-based statistical/machine learning approach.
  • Applied LeFE to diverse datasets including smoker/never smoker, breast cancer classification, and drug sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • LeFE successfully identified statistically significant functional themes.
  • Results were consistent with known biological pathways across different datasets.
  • Demonstrated superior or comparable performance to existing methods.

Conclusions:

  • LeFE offers a robust method for interpreting complex gene expression patterns from microarray data.
  • The algorithm enhances biological discovery by accurately identifying functional themes.
  • LeFE represents a significant advancement in the analysis of high-throughput gene expression data.