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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
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Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

Decrease of hypertonia after continuous passive motion treatment in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Ya-Ju Chang1, Chia-Ying Fang, Miao-Ju Hsu

  • 1Physical Therapy Department and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. yjchang@mail.cgu.edu.tw

Clinical Rehabilitation
|September 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Continuous passive motion of the ankle for 60 minutes reduced muscle hypertonia and reflex excitability in individuals with and without spinal cord injury. Hypertonia reduction lasted longer in spinal cord injury patients.

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Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
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Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Published on: April 18, 2011

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Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
14:55

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Published on: April 18, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to increased muscle hypertonia and altered reflex excitability.
  • Ankle spasticity is a common challenge in SCI, impacting mobility and function.
  • Continuous passive motion (CPM) is a therapeutic modality with potential benefits for spasticity management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of 60-minute ankle CPM on soleus muscle reflex excitability (H-reflex) and ankle hypertonia (Modified Ashworth Scale).
  • To compare these effects in individuals with chronic SCI and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A two-way repeated measure experimental design was employed.
  • Participants included individuals with chronic SCI (n=8), healthy controls (n=8), and a sham group (n=8).
  • Ankle CPM was applied for 60 minutes, with H-reflex and MAS scores measured pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • Ankle CPM significantly reduced H-reflex amplitude in both SCI and control groups.
  • The depression of H-reflex persisted for 10 minutes post-CPM only in the control group.
  • Median MAS scores in the SCI group decreased from 2 to 1.25 after CPM.

Conclusions:

  • Sixty minutes of ankle CPM effectively decreases reflex excitability and hypertonia in individuals with and without SCI.
  • The reduction in hypertonia demonstrated a more sustained effect than the reduction in reflex excitability in the SCI group.