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Related Experiment Video

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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Vulnerability of the orbitofrontal cortex to age-associated structural and functional brain changes.

Susan M Resnick1, Melissa Lamar, Ira Driscoll

  • 1Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA. susan.resnick@nih.gov

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|September 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) shows age-related decline in tissue and function, impacting cognitive tasks sensitive to this brain region. Older adults may compensate for OFC deficits with activity in other brain areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is susceptible to age-associated tissue loss in healthy older adults.
  • The OFC is an early site of amyloid plaque deposition in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Previous research suggests OFC vulnerability to aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related effects on specific orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functions.
  • To compare cognitive task performance sensitive to OFC versus dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in different age groups.
  • To examine the neural basis of age differences in OFC function using fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional and longitudinal neuroimaging from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).
  • Comparison of cognitive task performance between young (20-40) and old (60+) adults.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a Delayed Match and Non-Match to Sample task.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed greater age-related differences in OFC-sensitive tasks compared to DLPFC-sensitive tasks.
  • Young adults, but not older adults, exhibited expected OFC activation during the fMRI task.
  • Older adults displayed increased activation in posterior brain regions, suggesting compensatory mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The OFC is vulnerable to age-related structural and functional decline.
  • Age-related deficits in OFC function may be compensated by recruitment of other brain regions.
  • Further research with in vivo imaging is needed to determine if neuropathology underlies these changes.