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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

Primary systemic amyloidosis with ischemic stroke as a presenting complication.

Alexander Y Zubkov¹, Alejandro A Rabinstein, Angela Dispenzieri

¹Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.

|September 12, 2007

Summary

Ischemic stroke is an underappreciated complication of primary systemic amyloidosis. When stroke is the first sign, prognosis is significantly worse, highlighting the need for early diagnosis.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

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Published on: June 18, 2021

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Simultaneous Photothrombosis and Fiber Photometry to Induce and Monitor Ischemic Stroke in Behaving Mice

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Published on: November 14, 2025

Area of Science:

Neurology
Cardiology
Hematology

Background:

Primary systemic amyloidosis is a rare, fatal disorder causing multiorgan failure.
Ischemic strokes are a sporadically described complication of amyloidosis.
The relationship between amyloidosis and ischemic stroke requires further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiologic link between primary systemic amyloidosis and ischemic stroke.
To determine the frequency of stroke as an initial manifestation of amyloidosis.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study including 49 patients with biopsy-proven primary amyloidosis and ischemic stroke.
Analysis of clinical presentation, outcomes, and stroke characteristics.

Main Results:

Ischemic stroke presented initially in 32.5% of patients.
Patients with initial stroke presentation had poorer outcomes (6.9 months survival).
Recurrent ischemic strokes occurred in 37%, with 70% being cardioembolic.

Conclusions:

Ischemic stroke is an underappreciated complication of primary amyloidosis.
Consider primary amyloidosis in patients with unexplained valve thickening, restrictive patterns, and increased echogenicity on echocardiography.
Initial ischemic stroke presentation indicates a worse prognosis.