Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026
06:14
Induction of Periodontitis via a Combination of Ligature and Lipopolysaccharide Injection in a Rat Model
Published on: February 17, 2023
Phenobarbital-induced gingival hyperplasia
Ardeshir Lafzi1, Ramin Mostofi Zadeh Farahani, Mohammad Ali Mohajjel Shoja
1Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ardeshir.lafzi@gmail.com
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice
|September 12, 2007
Summary
This case report details a rare instance of phenobarbital-induced gingival hyperplasia (GH). The study highlights that this condition, though uncommon, typically exhibits benign behavior and has a low recurrence rate post-surgery.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Oral Medicine
- Dermatology
Background:
- Gingival hyperplasia (GH) is a known side effect of certain medications, including phenytoin, calcium channel blockers, and cyclosporine.
- Other anticonvulsants like sodium valproate and primidone have rarely been associated with GH.
Observation:
- A rare case of phenobarbital-induced gingival hyperplasia (GH) is presented in a 28-year-old male patient on long-term phenobarbital therapy.
- Histological examination revealed epithelial hyperplasia, acanthosis, elongated rete ridges, dense collagen, and fibroblast proliferation.
Findings:
- Phenobarbital can induce gingival hyperplasia, a condition not commonly associated with this specific drug.
- Histopathological features are consistent with other drug-induced gingival hyperplasias.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering phenobarbital as a potential cause of gingival hyperplasia.
- Phenobarbital-induced GH appears to be a rare but benign condition with a favorable prognosis after surgical intervention.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a drug class that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate anxiety, promote relaxation and induce sleep.These drugs function by amplifying the actions of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in reduced neuronal activity. Barbiturates, a subset of sedatives and hypnotics first synthesized in the late 1800s, are categorized into ultra-short, short, intermediate, and long-acting groups based on their duration of effect. A key...
01:19Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems
Phase I biotransformation reactions are integral to drug metabolism, predominantly involving oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic transformations. Chief among these are oxidative reactions, which enhance the hydrophilicity of xenobiotics and introduce polar functional groups to facilitate their elimination from the body.
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...
01:18Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
01:14CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines
CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
01:24Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow
The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
01:20Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...