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Weight changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

E M Johnston1

  • 1School of Nutrition and Home Economics Acadia University, Wolfville, N.S., Canada.

Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Maternal weight gain during pregnancy significantly impacts fetal growth and infant health. Current recommendations emphasize individualized weight gain goals based on pre-pregnancy body mass index for optimal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Maternal weight gain is a key factor influencing fetal growth and birth weight.
  • Historically, a single recommendation (11 kg) was used for pregnancy weight gain.
  • Recent guidelines incorporate pre-pregnancy weight to tailor gain targets, prioritizing infant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and recommendations for maternal weight gain during pregnancy.
  • To examine the relationship between maternal weight gain, fetal growth, and infant outcomes.
  • To discuss postpartum weight retention and factors influencing it.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and guidelines on pregnancy weight gain.
  • Analysis of factors influencing maternal weight gain, including maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI.
  • Examination of data on postpartum weight changes and infant feeding methods.

Main Results:

  • Low maternal weight gain is linked to increased low birth weight infants and mortality risk.
  • Pregnancy weight gain recommendations are evolving to be individualized based on pre-pregnancy BMI.
  • Postpartum weight loss varies significantly, with evidence suggesting breastfeeding does not significantly accelerate return to pre-pregnancy weight.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized maternal weight gain targets are crucial for optimizing both maternal and infant health.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand long-term maternal weight changes and the role of infant feeding.
  • Current evidence does not strongly support breastfeeding as a primary method for faster postpartum weight loss.

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