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Tunicate eggs utilize ammonium ions for flotation.

C C Lambert, G Lambert

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 7, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Corella willmeriana ascidians retain embryos past hatching, enabling them to float via ammonium ions in specialized cells. Glycolysis, not mitochondrial processes, powers this unique buoyancy mechanism for early development.

    Area of Science:

    • Marine biology
    • Developmental biology
    • Cellular physiology

    Background:

    • Most solitary ascidians release their eggs and embryos shortly after fertilization.
    • Corella willmeriana exhibits atypical embryonic retention within the maternal body.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanism of embryonic retention and buoyancy in Corella willmeriana.
    • To understand the cellular and metabolic basis for the extended embryonic development in this species.

    Main Methods:

    • Microscopic observation of developing embryos within the maternal atrium.
    • Analysis of the chemical composition of specialized 'float cells' surrounding the embryo.
    • Metabolic assays to determine energy sources supporting float cell function.

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    Main Results:

    • Embryos are retained within an enlarged atrium and develop buoyancy.
    • Specialized float cells accumulate ammonium ions, reducing overall density.
    • Energy for ammonium transport is supplied by glycolysis, independent of mitochondrial respiration.

    Conclusions:

    • Corella willmeriana employs a unique strategy of prolonged embryonic retention and ammonium-mediated buoyancy.
    • This mechanism facilitates the development of early life stages within a protected maternal environment.
    • The reliance on glycolysis highlights a specific metabolic adaptation for buoyancy control.