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Cigarette smoking-nutritional implications.

A M Preston1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan 00936-5067.

Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
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Cigarette smoking significantly depletes essential nutrients like vitamins C and E, and carotenoids, potentially worsening smoking-related diseases. Smokers may need increased antioxidant intake to combat oxidative stress.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is linked to numerous diseases, but its direct impact on nutrient levels is less understood.
  • Tobacco smoke contains oxidants and prooxidants that induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
  • Nutrient imbalances may contribute to smoking-related pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on macro- and micronutrient levels in the body.
  • To explore the role of nutrient depletions in smoking-related diseases.
  • To discuss potential nutritional interventions for smokers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on smoking and nutrient status.
  • Analysis of data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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  • Consideration of the biochemical mechanisms of nutrient depletion by tobacco smoke components.

    • Main Results:

    • Smoking lowers plasma levels of vitamin C and beta-carotene.
    • Cadmium in tobacco reduces selenium bioavailability and antagonizes zinc.
    • Vitamin E and B-complex vitamins may also be suboptimal in smokers.
    • Smokers consume fewer fruits and vegetables, exacerbating nutrient deficiencies.

    Conclusions:

    • Cigarette smoking causes significant nutrient depletions, particularly antioxidants.
    • These deficiencies may contribute to the pathogenesis of smoking-related diseases.
    • Increased intake of certain nutrients, like vitamin C, is recommended for smokers, with ongoing debate about other antioxidants.