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Related Concept Videos

Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

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Atomic Structure01:17

Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure01:33

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Chemical signatures for superheavy elementary particles.

R N Cahn, S L Glashow

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 7, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    New stable charged particles (X+/-) may exist in the high-energy range. Their detection could reveal superheavy elements and expand our understanding of fundamental interactions.

    Area of Science:

    • * Theoretical physics and particle physics.
    • * Nuclear chemistry and superheavy element research.

    Background:

    • * Unified fundamental interaction models predict new particles between 10^10 and 10^14 eV.
    • * Stable charged particles, denoted as X(+/-), are hypothesized within this mass range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To explore the potential existence and implications of stable charged particles (X+/-).
    • * To identify potential chemical signatures for detecting these superheavy particles.

    Main Methods:

    • * Theoretical analysis of particle physics models.
    • * Proposing chemical isolation techniques for naturally occurring elements as indirect detection methods.
    • * Identifying target elements (e.g., Tc, Pm, Ac, Pa, Np, Am) that could indicate the presence of X(-) bound to nuclei.

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    Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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    Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

    Published on: March 29, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
    07:46

    Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

    Published on: November 15, 2013

    Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
    10:42

    Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

    Published on: May 3, 2019

    Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
    14:11

    Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

    Published on: March 29, 2016

    Main Results:

    • * Stable X(+) particles could form superheavy hydrogen isotopes.
    • * Stable X(-) particles could bind to atomic nuclei, forming new superheavy element isotopes.
    • * Specific naturally occurring elements (RuX(-), SmX(-), ThX(-), UX(-), PuX(-), CmX(-)) are proposed as indicators.

    Conclusions:

    • * The search for superheavy particles necessitates exploring specific chemical elements.
    • * Detection of superheavy elements with properties of B, F, Mn, Be, Sc, V, Li, Ne, and Tl could confirm the existence of X+/- particles.