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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities
Published on: May 24, 2022
Forsyth, Harvard, and endodontic education: 1970-1987
1Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, USA.
Abstract:
In 1970, there were few fully-educated endodontists and formalized endodontic programs in the United States. Dr. Alvin Krakow began a teaching/clinical program that combined the best in technical education and research for academically-minded young clinicians. The Forsyth Dental Center hosted the program while the Harvard University School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) offered the prerequisite courses in basic science. The program ended in 1987 and was reinstituted in 1993. Today, the program continues to graduate a small group of diversified and educated clinicians. A number of graduates in the original group have made significant contributions to the specialty. This historical perspective focuses on the early years of the combined program.
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