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Related Concept Videos

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy
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Published on: July 25, 2014

Pattern recognition receptors: from the cell surface to intracellular dynamics.

Denise Altenbach1, Silke Robatzek

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Köln, Germany.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions : MPMI
|September 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Plants detect microbes using surface receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and internal surveillance via nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat receptors (NB-LRR). This review covers MAMP recognition, signaling, and receptor movement.

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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Plant immunity and molecular mechanisms of microbial detection.

Background:

  • Plant immune systems monitor microbial communities via conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs).
  • Pattern-recognition receptors, including receptor-like kinases and receptor-like proteins, are crucial for disease resistance.
  • Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat receptors (NB-LRR) provide an additional surveillance layer by recognizing microbial effectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on plant immune responses to microbial detection.
  • To discuss the roles of surface receptors and NB-LRRs in plant immunity.
  • To explore signaling pathways, receptor activation, and subcellular localization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on plant-microbe interactions and immune signaling.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving pattern-recognition receptors and NB-LRRs.
  • Discussion of receptor endocytosis and nuclear translocation.

Main Results:

  • MAMP recognition by surface receptors initiates plant defense signaling.
  • Receptor activation involves signaling cascades and potentially receptor endocytosis.
  • NB-LRR receptors translocate to the nucleus to mediate specific immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Plant immunity relies on a multi-layered surveillance system involving surface and intracellular receptors.
  • Understanding receptor dynamics, including signaling and subcellular redistribution, is key to plant disease resistance.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can inform strategies for enhancing crop immunity.