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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

Lanthanide diruthenium(II,III) compounds showing layered and PtS-type open framework structures.

Bin Liu1, Bao-Long Li, Yi-Zhi Li

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|September 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Lanthanide diruthenium phosphonate compounds form two distinct structures: a square-grid layer and a PtS-type open framework. These materials exhibit unique channel structures and varied magnetic properties.

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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

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Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Lanthanide diruthenium phosphonate compounds feature a mixed-valent metal-metal bonded paddlewheel core.
  • These compounds are based on the Ru(2)(hedp)(2)(3-) unit, where hedp is 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize two novel types of lanthanide diruthenium phosphonate compounds.
  • To investigate the structural diversity arising from different {LnO(P4)} group geometries.
  • To explore the magnetic and electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of lanthanide diruthenium phosphonate compounds with specific formulas (1.Ln and 2.Ln).
  • X-ray crystallography to determine the detailed crystal structures and {LnO(P4)} geometries.
  • Analysis of magnetic and electrochemical properties.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct structural types were prepared: a square-grid layer structure (1.Ln) and a PtS-type open-framework structure (2.Ln).
  • The difference in structure is attributed to the varying geometries of the {LnO(P4)} group, described as distorted plane or distorted tetrahedron.
  • Structures of type 2.Ln possess channels filled with water aggregates and exhibit extensive hydrogen-bonding.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully synthesized and elucidated the structures of two novel lanthanide diruthenium phosphonate compounds.
  • The findings highlight the influence of {LnO(P4)} geometry on the resulting framework topology, leading to diverse structures.
  • The investigation provides a foundation for understanding the structure-property relationships in these complex materials.