Factorial analysis of variables influencing mechanical characteristics of a single tooth implant placed in the maxilla using finite element analysis and the statistics-based Taguchi method

The aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of changes (design factors) in implant system, position, bone classification, and loading condition on the biomechanical response of a single-unit implant-supported restoration. Non-linear finite-element analysis was used to simulate the mechanical responses in an implant placed in the maxillary posterior region. The Taguchi method was employed to identify the significance of each design factor in controlling the strain/stress. Increased strain values were noted in the cortical bone with lateral force and an implant with a retaining-screw connection. Cancellous bone strain was affected primarily by bone type and increased with decreasing bone density. Implant stress was influenced mainly by implant type and position. The combined use of finite-element analysis and the Taguchi method facilitated effective evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of a single-unit implant-supported restoration. Implants placed along the axis of loading exhibit improved stress/strain distribution. The reduction of lateral stress through implant placement and selective occlusal adjustment is recommended. An implant with a tapered interference fit connection performed better as a force-transmission mechanism than other configurations.