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[The vaccinal prevention of the HBsAg carrier state among newborn infants]

V N Ikoev, I A Gorbunov, V A Anan'ev

    Voprosy Virusologii
    |November 1, 1991
    PubMed

    Insights

    Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is crucial for newborns. Early vaccination prevents chronic Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier states, with vaccinated infants showing significantly lower antigen and higher antibody rates.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Immunology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant risk to newborns born to mothers with antigenemia.
    • The development of a chronic Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier state in infants is influenced by the timing of initial detection.
    • A stable HBsAg carrier state in infants typically forms after the first three months of life.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the time course of the HBsAg carrier state in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of a national plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in preventing HBsAg carrier state in newborns.
    • To analyze epidemiological factors contributing to HBV infection in infants.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal monitoring of HBsAg carrier status in infants.
    • Epidemiological survey of 185 infants who developed hepatitis B.
    • Assessment of vaccine efficacy through observation of vaccinated newborns and a control group.

    Main Results:

    • Vaccinated infants (3 doses at 0, 1, 6 months) showed a 3.3% HBsAg detection rate and 80% antibody detection rate.
    • Control group infants exhibited a significantly higher HBsAg detection rate (23.7%) and lower antibody detection rate (8.0%).
    • The study highlights the dependence of the infant carrier state pattern on the timing of initial antigen detection.

    Conclusions:

    • Hepatitis B vaccination is essential for preventing the chronic HBsAg carrier state in newborns.
    • The national plasma vaccine demonstrates high efficacy in protecting infants against HBV infection and carrier status.
    • Early intervention and vaccination strategies are critical for managing perinatal HBV transmission.

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