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Physiotherapy in Afghanistan--needs and challenges for development.

Jenny Wickford¹, John Hultberg, Susanne Rosberg

¹Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Sweden. jenny.wickford@fhs.gu.se

Disability and Rehabilitation

|September 14, 2007

Summary

Physiotherapy in Afghanistan needs development. Therapists face challenges like isolation and limited training, requiring culturally relevant, evidence-based practices for improvement.

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Area of Science:

Rehabilitation Medicine
Global Health
Physical Therapy

Background:

The Rehabilitation of Afghans with Disability (RAD) programme addresses the needs of individuals with disabilities in Afghanistan.
Physiotherapy services are a critical component of rehabilitation but face unique challenges in this context.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the current state of physiotherapy within the RAD program.
To identify specific needs and obstacles hindering the advancement of physiotherapy services for disabled Afghans.

Main Methods:

A qualitative, field-based study employing an anthropological approach.
Data collection involved participant observation, unstructured/semi-structured interviews, and photography.

Main Results:

Physiotherapists work in isolation with limited professional development opportunities.
Treatment approaches are predominantly medical, influenced by patient expectations and cultural/religious factors, with low clinical reasoning capacity.
Passive treatment methods are commonly used, constrained by cultural, religious, and situational elements.

Conclusions:

Significant development is needed in Afghan physiotherapy, emphasizing active, individualized, and evidence-based practices.
Key challenges include cultural norms, gender dynamics, religious influences, societal hierarchy, a medical-centric approach, and restricted access to information.
Action research involving physiotherapists is proposed for sustainable, culturally sensitive program enhancement.