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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Liver Histology

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Liver Regeneration

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Related Experiment Videos

Vitamin A liver store: a case-control study.

Andréa Ramalho1, Carina A Paes, Gisele G Souza

  • 1Vitamin A Research Group, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (GPVA/INJC/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. aramalho@rionet.com.br

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
|September 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Individuals who died violently had significantly higher vitamin A liver stores than those who died from other causes. Low vitamin A was most prevalent in deaths from infections and cardiovascular diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Toxicology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Vitamin A is crucial for immune function and cellular processes.
  • Liver stores reflect long-term vitamin A status.
  • Nutritional deficiencies can exacerbate disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine vitamin A liver stores in relation to cause of death.
  • To compare vitamin A levels between violent deaths and other causes of mortality.
  • To investigate the association between vitamin A status and specific pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 60 deceased individuals.
  • Categorization of deaths into violent causes (control group) and other causes (cardiovascular, infections, chronic degenerative, several).
  • Quantification of mean retinol (vitamin A) levels in liver tissue samples.

Main Results:

  • Mean liver retinol stores were significantly higher in the violent death group (281.5 ± 63.50 mg/g) compared to other causes (P < 0.05).
  • Lowest vitamin A levels were observed in individuals who died from infections (88.1 ± 78.03 mg/g) and cardiovascular diseases (105.4 ± 87.54 mg/g).
  • Higher prevalence of low vitamin A was noted in infection and cardiovascular disease mortality groups.

Conclusions:

  • Violent death may be associated with better nutritional status regarding vitamin A.
  • Low vitamin A liver stores are linked to increased mortality from infections and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Highlights the critical role of adequate vitamin A in preventing severe pathological outcomes.