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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Published on: January 26, 2024

Spatial exploration patterns determine navigation efficiency: trade-off between memory demands and distance

Tamas Makany¹, Edward S Redhead, Itiel E Dror

¹School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. tamas.makany@soton.ac.uk

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)

|September 14, 2007

Summary

Participants used distinct spatial exploration strategies (axial vs. circular) impacting navigation efficiency. The axial approach reduced memory load but increased travel distance, while the circular approach demanded more memory but less travel.

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The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

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Published on: February 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Spatial Navigation

Background:

Understanding how humans acquire spatial knowledge is crucial for cognitive science.
Exploration strategies in novel environments influence subsequent navigation and memory recall.
Previous research has identified different spatial exploration patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between initial exploration strategies and spatial navigation performance.
To examine the trade-offs between memory demands and distance efficiency in navigation tasks.
To analyze how different exploration patterns affect spatial knowledge acquisition.

Main Methods:

Forty-one participants explored a novel square environment with hidden objects.
Participants engaged in free exploration followed by predetermined and optional order tasks.
Two distinct exploration strategies were identified: axial and circular.

Main Results:

Initial exploration strategy (axial or circular) influenced navigation optimality.
The axial strategy led to lower memory demands but greater travel distance.
The circular strategy increased memory demands but reduced travel distance.

Conclusions:

Spatial exploration strategies involve a trade-off between memory and efficiency.
Different strategies lead to varying spatial knowledge representations.
Findings contribute to understanding optimal strategy selection in navigation.