Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Limits I01:23

Types of Limits I

Limits are a key mathematical concept for understanding how functions behave as their input approaches specific values, particularly when the function is undefined. They help reveal trends and discontinuities by examining the values a function approaches rather than its actual value.One-sided limits focus on the direction from which a value is approached. When a function behaves differently depending on whether the input approaches from the left or the right, the two one-sided limits may not...
Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in human cognition.Types of...
Introduction to Limits01:30

Introduction to Limits

A limit describes the value a function approaches as its input moves closer to a particular point. Even when a function is undefined at a specific value, limits allow us to analyze its behavior near that point. This concept is fundamental in calculus and essential for understanding continuity, derivatives, and integrals.Mathematically, a function f(x) has a limit L at x = a if its values L approach x as x gets arbitrarily close to a. This is written as:This notation expresses that the function...
Limits of Multivariable Functions01:25

Limits of Multivariable Functions

Limits of multivariable functions describe how a function behaves as its input approaches a particular point in the plane. In single-variable calculus, a limit examines the behavior of a function as the input approaches a number from two directions along a line. For functions of two variables, the situation is more complex because the input can approach a point from infinitely many paths in the xy-plane. A limit exists only when the function approaches the same value along every possible...
Limits at Infinity01:24

Limits at Infinity

The function that decreases as the input becomes very large provides a clear example of how mathematical functions can behave at extreme values. When the input increases continuously, the output becomes smaller and smaller, getting closer to a particular fixed value. Although the output never actually reaches this value, it moves nearer to it without limit. This behavior is a fundamental concept in understanding how functions behave as the input grows indefinitely. The graphical representation...
Types of Limits II01:24

Types of Limits II

When observing how a curve behaves near a specific point along the horizontal axis, there are cases where the curve’s height increases or decreases without limit as the position draws closer to that point. The curve does not settle at any particular value; instead, the values grow more extreme—upward or downward—the nearer they get. No defined value exists exactly at that location, yet the surrounding behavior becomes more dramatic, indicating a sharp change in direction.The values may rise...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Counterfactual thinking and Aging: the role of executive function.

Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition·2026
Same author

Uncertainty monitoring in reasoning: Cue consistency is more important than belief-logic conflict.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

A single process for deductive and inductive inference? Examining the impact of conclusion typicality and argument validity on immediate inferences.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same author

'The true me': Unravelling the dual narrative of borderline personality disorder and autistic spectrum disorder.

The British journal of clinical psychology·2026
Same author

"It Is Not Possible to Balance It Easily": A Phenomenological Study Exploring the Experience of Work-Family Conflict in Contemporary Chinese Society.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Emotional hypervigilance: Development of a new questionnaire and examining the importance to posttraumatic quality of life.

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

On some limits of hypothetical thinking.

Shira Elqayam1, Simon J Handley, Jonathan St B T Evans

  • 1De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|September 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypothetical thinking struggles with paradoxes. The Liar paradox weakened beliefs in conditional statements, while the Truthteller paradox did not, offering insights into cognitive limits.

More Related Videos

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Logic

Background:

  • Hypothetical thinking is crucial for reasoning but can fail under extreme conditions.
  • Paradoxical statements, like the Liar paradox, challenge the limits of hypothetical reasoning.
  • The Truthteller paradox serves as a non-paradoxical comparison to the Liar paradox.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of paradoxical and non-paradoxical antecedents on hypothetical thinking.
  • To test the robustness of conditional reasoning when faced with self-referential statements.
  • To compare the effects of Liar-type versus Truthteller-type antecedents in conditional propositions.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using abstract and belief-laden materials.
  • Participants evaluated conditional statements with Liar-type and Truthteller-type antecedents.
  • Conditional probability estimates were compared between paradoxical and control conditions.

Main Results:

  • Conditionals with Truthteller-type antecedents yielded probability estimates similar to control items.
  • Liar-type antecedents significantly diminished belief in the embedded conditional statements.
  • Abstract and belief-laden materials showed comparable effects of paradoxical antecedents.

Conclusions:

  • Hypothetical thinking is demonstrably weakened by Liar-type paradoxes.
  • The theory of hypothetical thinking provides a framework for understanding these cognitive effects.
  • Conditional reasoning is sensitive to the logical properties of its antecedents.