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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease
08:57

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

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Pulmonary function test abnormalities in the elderly with systolic heart failure.

Rafał Kurzawa1, Tomasz Baron, Tomasz Grodzicki

  • 1Department of Internal Diseases and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland. rkurzawa@su.krakow.pl

Kardiologia Polska
|September 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Elderly patients with systolic chronic heart failure (CHF) often have abnormal spirometry results. Age, smoking, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly impact lung function in these patients.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease
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Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
08:17

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Chronic heart failure (CHF) is often associated with pulmonary function abnormalities.
  • Spirometry is a key tool for assessing lung function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate spirometric parameters in elderly individuals with newly diagnosed or known systolic CHF.
  • To identify factors influencing pulmonary function in this population.

Main Methods:

  • 110 elderly patients (average age 68.5 years) with systolic CHF underwent echocardiography and spirometry with reversibility testing.
  • Patients had a mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 45% and common comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes.
  • A significant proportion were smokers (54.5%) and on various heart failure medications.

Main Results:

  • All spirometric parameters were found to be abnormal in patients with CHF.
  • Multivariable analysis identified age, smoking status, and LVEF as independent predictors of reduced FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second).

Conclusions:

  • Systolic CHF patients exhibit mixed ventilatory disorders with positive reversibility, irrespective of treatment.
  • Impaired LVEF, advanced age, and smoking are significant contributors to the decline in ventilatory function.