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Related Experiment Videos

Spontaneous inferences, implicit impressions, and implicit theories.

James S Uleman1, S Adil Saribay, Celia M Gonzalez

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA. jim.uleman@nyu.edu

Annual Review of Psychology
|September 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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People spontaneously make social inferences about others, including traits, goals, and causes, often without conscious effort. This review explores the processes, implicit knowledge, and theories underlying these automatic social cognition phenomena.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Social inferences, such as trait and goal judgments, are often made spontaneously, without intention or effort.
  • Understanding these automatic processes is crucial for comprehending social cognition and interpersonal interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on spontaneous social inferences (traits, goals, causes).
  • To describe current thinking on underlying processes, implicit knowledge, and theories.
  • To highlight the need for better integration of spontaneous social inference research with broader theories and phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent empirical findings and theoretical developments.
  • Synthesis of research on automatic vs. controlled processing, embodied cognition, and associative vs. rule-based mechanisms.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of implicit knowledge, including folk theories, self-knowledge, and cultural/social class influences.

    • Main Results:

    • Spontaneous social inferences encompass a wide range of phenomena, including judgments of traits, goals, and causes.
    • Key underlying processes involve automatic cognition, embodied cognition (e.g., mimicry), and associative learning.
    • Implicit knowledge, cultural factors, and developmental insights play significant roles.

    Conclusions:

    • Spontaneous social inferences are a fundamental aspect of social cognition, operating largely outside conscious awareness.
    • Further research should focus on integrating findings on spontaneous inferences with established theories of social cognition and related fields.
    • Connecting diverse phenomena within spontaneous social inference research is essential for advancing the field.