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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets

Isolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets

Published on: September 6, 2019

Infant HIV infection despite "universal" antenatal testing.

S S Struik¹, G Tudor-Williams, G P Taylor

¹St Mary's NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK.

Archives of Disease in Childhood

|September 15, 2007

Summary

HIV seroconversion during pregnancy is a significant cause of infant HIV infections in the UK. Many infants diagnosed with HIV experienced severe infections and long-term neurological issues.

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Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Medical Research
Infectious Diseases
Pediatrics

Background:

Antenatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing is crucial for preventing mother-to-child transmission.
Undiagnosed maternal HIV can lead to severe infant infections and long-term health consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the antenatal HIV testing history, clinical presentation, and outcomes of infants diagnosed with HIV.
To identify the impact of antenatal HIV diagnosis on infant health outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 25 infants diagnosed with HIV between 2001 and 2005.
Analysis of antenatal HIV testing status, clinical presentation, and outcomes.

Main Results:

21 out of 25 infants received antenatal care in the UK.
12 mothers were not tested for HIV antenatally; 5 experienced seroconversion during pregnancy.
Infants born to undiagnosed mothers had severe, often fatal, infections, with 65% experiencing neurological sequelae.

Conclusions:

HIV seroconversion in pregnancy is a key factor in UK infant HIV diagnoses.
Lack of antenatal HIV testing significantly worsens infant prognosis, leading to severe morbidity and mortality.