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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
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The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord01:26

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

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Published on: July 19, 2019

Multiple sclerosis findings in the spinal cord.

L J Edwards1, C R Tench, C P Gilmore

  • 1Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, B Floor Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. ljedwards@doctors.org.uk

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|September 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis frequently impacts the spinal cord with demyelinating lesions and tissue loss. This review highlights spinal cord MRI and histopathology findings correlating with clinical symptoms in multiple sclerosis.

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The spinal cord is a clinically significant site frequently affected in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Historically, research has prioritized brain lesions over spinal cord pathology in MS.
  • Spinal cord lesions contribute to the disability experienced by MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key findings from MRI and histopathological analyses of the spinal cord in MS.
  • To correlate spinal cord pathology with clinical characteristics of MS.
  • To emphasize the importance of the spinal cord in MS research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on spinal cord MRI in MS.
  • Analysis of histopathological studies examining spinal cord tissue in MS.
  • Correlation of imaging and pathology findings with clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Spinal cord lesions, including demyelination and atrophy, are prevalent in MS.
  • MRI can detect various spinal cord abnormalities indicative of MS.
  • Histopathology confirms the extent of tissue damage and inflammation.
  • Spinal cord lesion load correlates with neurological deficits and disability.

Conclusions:

  • The spinal cord plays a crucial role in the clinical presentation of MS.
  • Integrated analysis of spinal cord MRI and histopathology enhances understanding of MS.
  • Further research into spinal cord pathology is essential for developing targeted MS therapies.