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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Sex Linked Disorders01:43

Sex Linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Population differences in the International Multi-Centre ADHD Gene Project.

Benjamin M Neale1, Pak C Sham, Shaun Purcell

  • 1MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. b.neale@iop.kcl.ac.uk

Genetic Epidemiology
|September 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Genetic analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 674 families revealed significant heterogeneity, particularly with the inclusion of the Israeli population. A Northern European tag SNP set effectively captured genetic variation across these populations.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a significant genetic component.
  • Understanding the genetic architecture of ADHD across diverse populations is crucial for identifying risk genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic heterogeneity in ADHD across multiple European countries and Israel.
  • To evaluate the utility of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging strategies for cross-population genetic association studies in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyped 863 SNPs across 47 autosomal genes in 674 families from eight countries.
  • Performed global tests for heterogeneity and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
  • Generated and applied tag SNPs using pair-wise and aggressive tagging methods.

Main Results:

  • A global test of heterogeneity identified 269 nominally significant SNPs, with the Israeli population contributing significantly to this heterogeneity.
  • Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests indicated potential stratification when combining Israeli and Northern European populations.
  • Cross-population performance of tag SNPs was consistent within Northern European populations.

Conclusions:

  • The Israeli population introduces significant heterogeneity into ADHD genetic studies when combined with Northern European samples.
  • A Northern European tag SNP set is suitable for capturing genetic variation across these populations.
  • Case-control studies including both Israeli and Northern European samples must account for potential stratification.