HIV-1 DNA vaccine efficacy is enhanced by coadministration with plasmid encoding IFN-alpha

Numerous strategies have been employed in an attempt to improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of nucleic acid vaccines. In the present study, the immunogenicity in the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1 DNA vaccine expressing a chimeric gene of gag and gp120 and the adjuvant effect of IFN-alpha on HIV-1 DNA vaccine were studied in a murine model. The DNA vaccine plasmid pVAX1-gag-gp120 and eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAX1-IFN were constructed by inserting the chimeric gene of gag and gp120 of HIV-1 and IFN-alpha into the downstream of CMV promoter of eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1, respectively. In vitro expression detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the genes of interest could be expressed in transfected HeLa cells. After BALB/c mice were immunized by three intramuscular inoculations of the HIV-1 DNA vaccine plasmids alone or in combination with IFN-alpha expression plasmids, the different levels of anti-HIV-1 humoral and cellular responses were measured comparable to the control groups immunized with pVAX1-IFN, parent plasmid pVAX1 or PBS. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ subgroups of spleen T lymphocytes and the specific cytotoxicity activities of splenic CTLs in the coinoculation group were significantly higher than those in the separate inoculation group, and an enhancement of antibody response was also observed in the coinoculation group compared with the separate inoculation group. Take together, coadministration of HIV-1 DNA vaccine plasmids and IFN-alpha expression plasmids can elicit stronger humoral and cellular immune responses in mice than HIV-1 DNA vaccine plasmids alone, and IFN-alpha can be an effective immunological adjuvant in DNA vaccination against HIV-1.