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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Antigen crosspresentation by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

Guillaume Hoeffel1, Anne-Claire Ripoche, Diana Matheoud

  • 1Département d'Immunologie, Institut Cochin, Paris, F-75014, France.

Immunity
|September 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can perform crosspresentation, a function previously attributed only to myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). This finding impacts understanding of immune responses and vaccine development.

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
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Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Crosspresentation is crucial for initiating CD8+ T cell responses against exogenous antigens.
  • Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are known to perform crosspresentation, while plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were not thought to possess this capability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether human pDCs can perform crosspresentation.
  • To compare the crosspresentation efficiency of pDCs with that of mDCs.

Main Methods:

  • Purified human pDCs were incubated with vaccinal lipopeptides and HIV-1 antigens from apoptotic cells.
  • Internalization of apoptotic debris via phagocytosis was observed.
  • The localization of lipopeptides within cellular compartments was analyzed.
  • The effect of influenza virus infection on pDC crosspresentation was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Human pDCs were demonstrated to effectively crosspresent vaccinal lipopeptides and HIV-1 antigens to CD8+ T lymphocytes.
  • Internalized lipopeptides reached nonacidic endosomes within pDCs.
  • Influenza virus infection enhanced the crosspresentation ability of pDCs.
  • The efficiency of crosspresentation by pDCs was found to be comparable to that of mDCs.

Conclusions:

  • Human pDCs possess the capability of crosspresentation, challenging previous assumptions.
  • This newly identified function of pDCs has significant implications for understanding infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting specific DC subsets, including pDCs, could optimize vaccination strategies.