Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Upstream Processing

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...

Bioreactor Controls-III

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...

Bioreactor Controls-II

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...

Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors

Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors

Growth media provide essential nutrients that support cell growth and metabolism, thereby enhancing the yield of valuable products such as enzymes, antibiotics, and biomass. Designing an effective growth medium involves balancing all components to prevent nutrient limitations or toxic excesses, both of which can impair growth and reduce product yields.Composition of a Typical Growth MediumA typical growth medium contains carbon and nitrogen sources, salts, vitamins, trace elements, and...

Production of Antibiotics

Production of Antibiotics

Penicillin, one of the earliest and most widely used antibiotics, is produced industrially by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Large stirred-tank bioreactors ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of liters maintain tightly controlled temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions to support fungal metabolism and maximize antibiotic yield. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, synthesized primarily during the stationary growth phase, which requires a carefully managed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Functional characterisation of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signalling in Physcomitrella.

Plant cell reports·2026

Same author

Secretion-based production of prolyl-hydroxylated human type III collagen in scalable Physcomitrella photobioreactors.

Plant cell reports·2026

Same author

CRISPR/Cas9 targeted genetic screening in Physcomitrella identifies novel cell division genes.

Frontiers in plant science·2025

Same author

Production of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in Physcomitrella photobioreactors.

Plant cell reports·2025

Same author

Multiplication of peat moss (Sphagnum L.) species for climate action.

Journal of experimental botany·2025

Same author

Thrombospondin-1 inhibits alternative complement pathway activation in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Moss bioreactors producing improved biopharmaceuticals.

Eva L Decker¹, Ralf Reski

¹Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

|September 18, 2007

Summary

This study engineered moss to produce pharmaceuticals with human-compatible sugars, enhancing antibody effectiveness. These plant-based systems show promise over traditional mammalian cell lines for biopharmaceutical production.

More Related Videos

Use of High-Throughput Automated Microbioreactor System for Production of Model IgG1 in CHO Cells

Use of High-Throughput Automated Microbioreactor System for Production of Model IgG1 in CHO Cells

Published on: September 28, 2018

Microalgae Cultivation and Biomass Quantification in a Bench-Scale Photobioreactor with Corrosive Flue Gases

Microalgae Cultivation and Biomass Quantification in a Bench-Scale Photobioreactor with Corrosive Flue Gases

Published on: December 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Use of High-Throughput Automated Microbioreactor System for Production of Model IgG1 in CHO Cells

Use of High-Throughput Automated Microbioreactor System for Production of Model IgG1 in CHO Cells

Published on: September 28, 2018

Microalgae Cultivation and Biomass Quantification in a Bench-Scale Photobioreactor with Corrosive Flue Gases

Microalgae Cultivation and Biomass Quantification in a Bench-Scale Photobioreactor with Corrosive Flue Gases

Published on: December 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Plant Sciences

Background:

Plants offer potential for producing complex recombinant pharmaceuticals.
Plant-specific glycosylation can cause immune responses in humans, limiting biopharmaceutical applications.
Current methods focus on large-scale facilities and protein modification optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a plant-based system for producing recombinant pharmaceuticals with human-compatible glycosylation.
To overcome the immunogenicity of plant-specific glycans in biopharmaceutical production.
To evaluate the efficacy of antibodies produced in engineered moss compared to mammalian cell lines.

Main Methods:

Utilized the moss Physcomitrella patens as a contained tissue culture system.
Employed targeted gene replacements to modify glycan patterns in moss strains.
Produced recombinant proteins in photo-bioreactors.

Main Results:

Created moss strains with humanized, non-immunogenic glycan patterns.
Demonstrated superior antibody production in engineered moss compared to mammalian cell lines.
Showcased enhanced antibody effectiveness from moss-derived pharmaceuticals.

Conclusions:

Engineered moss provides a viable and superior platform for recombinant pharmaceutical production.
Humanizing plant glycosylation is a key strategy to overcome immunogenicity barriers.
This approach advances plant-based biopharmaceutical manufacturing with improved therapeutic potential.