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The immune system in extreme longevity.

P Sansoni1, R Vescovini, F Fagnoni

  • 1Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Scienze Biomediche, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy. paolo.sansoni@unipr.it <paolo.sansoni@unipr.it>

Experimental Gerontology
|September 18, 2007
PubMed
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Aging remodels immune function, reducing virgin T-cells (CD95-) and increasing inflammatory CD8+CD28- T-cells, particularly with persistent viral infections like CMV. This immune remodeling impacts T-cell subsets and contributes to age-related diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Immunosenescence involves immune system remodeling, not just decline.
  • Innate immunity is relatively preserved compared to adaptive immunity during aging.
  • T-cell populations undergo significant age-dependent changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of aging on T-cell subsets and inflammatory responses.
  • To explore the role of persistent viral infections (EBV, CMV) in immune alterations during aging.
  • To understand the relationship between T-cell exhaustion, inflammation, and age-related pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T-cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD95-, CD28-) and NK cells.
  • Quantification of cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) by CD8+ T-cells.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Detection and enumeration of viral antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells (CMV, EBV) in elderly individuals (>85 years).

    • Main Results:

    • A decline in virgin T-cells (CD95-) and an increase in CD8+CD28- T-cells were observed with age.
    • Age-dependent increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine-positive CD8+ T-cells, especially among effector/memory cells.
    • Persistent CMV infection was associated with a higher frequency of CD8+CD28- T-cells compared to EBV infection.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic viral stimulation, particularly CMV, drives the expansion of CD8+CD28- T-cells in the elderly.
    • These T-cell alterations contribute to chronic inflammation and may promote age-related diseases.
    • Immune remodeling in aging is influenced by persistent infections and characterized by a pro-inflammatory state.