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The orbitofrontal cortex: novelty, deviation from expectation, and memory.

Michael Petrides1

  • 1Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4. petrides@ego.psych.mcgill.ca

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|September 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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The orbitofrontal cortex processes novel information and memory. Different regions, anterior and posterior, handle distinct aspects like new data encoding versus unexpected or unpleasant stimuli.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) connects with medial temporal lobe limbic areas crucial for memory formation.
  • The OFC is also linked to the amygdala and hypothalamus, involved in emotion and motivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the orbitofrontal cortex's role in processing novel information, expectation violations, and memory.
  • To examine functional neuroimaging data differentiating anterior and posterior OFC roles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence.
  • Analysis of functional neuroimaging findings.

Main Results:

  • Novel information exposure increases activity in the anterior OFC (area 11), especially during memory encoding.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Violating expectations or processing unpleasant stimuli activates the posteromedial OFC (area 13).

    • Conclusions:

    • Functional neuroimaging reveals distinct roles for anterior and posterior orbitofrontal cortex.
    • Anatomical data support these functional differences in processing novelty, expectation, and emotional stimuli.