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Complexity of coupled human and natural systems
Jianguo Liu1, Thomas Dietz, Stephen R Carpenter
1Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. jliu@panda.msu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 2007
Summary
Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal complex interactions. These systems vary globally and exhibit nonlinear dynamics, with past events influencing future possibilities.
Area of Science:
- Integrative science
- Human-natural systems analysis
Background:
- Social and natural sciences often study human and environmental systems in isolation.
- This separation can obscure complex patterns and processes within coupled human and natural systems (CHANS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize findings from six global case studies of CHANS.
- To identify common patterns and dynamics in the couplings between human and natural systems.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of six diverse case studies on coupled human and natural systems.
- Comparative analysis of spatial, temporal, and organizational variations in CHANS.
Main Results:
- Couplings in CHANS vary significantly across space, time, and organizational scales.
- CHANS exhibit nonlinear dynamics, including thresholds, feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises.
- Historical human-natural system interactions create lasting legacies that shape present and future conditions.
Conclusions:
- Integrated approaches are crucial for understanding the complexity of CHANS.
- The dynamics of CHANS are inherently nonlinear and influenced by historical context.
- Recognizing these complex dynamics is essential for effective environmental management and policy.
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