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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Zebrafish as a Model to Assess the Teratogenic Potential of Nitrite
07:29

Zebrafish as a Model to Assess the Teratogenic Potential of Nitrite

Published on: February 16, 2016

Nitric oxide formation from nitrite in zebrafish.

Frank B Jensen1

  • 1Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. fbj@biology.sdu.dk

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|September 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nitrite exposure in zebrafish leads to significant nitric oxide (NO) production, indicated by increased nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO). Despite reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, fish maintained routine oxygen consumption, revealing NO

Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Fish physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nitrite is a potential nitric oxide (NO) donor with biological functions.
  • Nitrite accumulation in fish gills may trigger substantial NO production.
  • Understanding NO production mechanisms in aquatic organisms is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if nitrite accumulation in fish gills causes massive NO production.
  • To investigate the role of hemoglobin in nitrite-to-NO conversion.
  • To assess the physiological impact of nitrite exposure on fish.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish exposed to varying nitrite concentrations and durations.
  • Spectral deconvolution used to analyze blood nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO), methemoglobin (metHb), oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb), and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb).

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Main Results:

  • Nitrite exposure significantly increased blood HbNO, a biomarker for NO production.
  • High nitrite levels (2 mmol l(-1)) led to a time-dependent increase in metHb to 59% within 2 days.
  • Despite reduced functional hemoglobin and potential NO effects, whole-animal oxygen consumption remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrite is extensively converted to NO in fish, with deoxygenated hemoglobin playing a key role.
  • Fish exhibit resilience to nitrite-induced hypoxia, maintaining oxygen consumption despite altered blood parameters.
  • The study highlights the significance of the nitrite-NO pathway in fish physiology under environmental stress.