Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
Published on: March 29, 2022
Hierarchical linear modeling of visual acuity change over time: rate of functional recovery after macular hole
Walter Wittich1, Olga Overbury, Michael A Kapusta
1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery-Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. walterwittich@sympatico.ca
Purpose:
To examine acuity recovery rate after Macular Hole (MH) surgery, using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) with linear and curvilinear regression analysis.
Methods:
Preoperative MH diameter (OCT) and acuity (ETDRS) were recorded in 20 eyes. Acuities were tested during follow-up (6 to 23 months), with three to eight measurements per eye. The resulting 95 acuities were analyzed using HLM. Variability at the level of the person was explained by change over time, using a natural logarithm conversion. Across patients, MH diameter was used to predict slopes and intercepts at the level of the individual.
Results:
MH diameter was able to account for significant amounts of variability in preoperative acuity (intercept) and significantly influenced rate of functional recovery (slope). A nonlinear approach to the data accounted for the largest amount of variance.
Conclusions:
Participants with larger MHs recovered relatively more acuity sooner while eyes with smaller MHs had better absolute acuity outcome. HLM provides important insight into the recovery process after MH surgery and is more flexible with follow-up data. In the context of MH treatment, most recuperation occurred during the initial 6 months.
