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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Published on: November 2, 2012

Challenging the role of implicit processes in probabilistic category learning.

Ben R Newell1, David A Lagnado, David R Shanks

  • 1School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ben.newell@unsw.edu.au

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
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PubMed
Summary

Cognitive tasks may not rely on separate explicit and implicit systems. The weather prediction task

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Learning and memory

Background:

  • The hypothesis of distinct explicit (declarative) and implicit (procedural) cognitive systems is widely studied.
  • Probabilistic category learning tasks, like the weather prediction task, are often used to investigate these systems.
  • The weather prediction task has two versions: observation (claimed to recruit declarative systems) and feedback (claimed to recruit procedural systems).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the validity of the weather prediction task in distinguishing between explicit and implicit cognitive systems.
  • To examine whether the observation and feedback versions of the weather prediction task indeed recruit separate cognitive systems.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for understanding probabilistic category learning.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using the weather prediction task.
  • Experiment 1 involved a concurrent memory task to assess its effect on the feedback version.
  • Experiment 2 compared participant insight and accuracy across the feedback and observation versions.

Main Results:

  • A concurrent memory task negatively impacted performance on the implicit (feedback) version of the weather prediction task.
  • Participants demonstrated similar levels of accurate insight into the task and their decision-making processes in both feedback and observation versions.
  • Results challenge the notion that the two versions of the task exclusively recruit distinct cognitive systems.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that the weather prediction task may not reliably differentiate between explicit and implicit cognitive processing as previously assumed.
  • The distinction between declarative and procedural systems may be less clear-cut in probabilistic category learning than proposed.
  • These results have significant implications for research on probabilistic category learning in both healthy individuals and patient populations.