Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
06:37

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Published on: April 4, 2025

Family and segregation studies: 411 Chinese children with primary nocturnal enuresis

Qing Wei Wang1, Jian Guo Wen, Rui Li Zhang

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|September 19, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) shows significant family clustering, with various inheritance patterns observed. Children with a family history of PNE are more likely to have severe symptoms and daytime issues.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common condition in children.
  • Understanding the genetic basis and familial patterns of PNE is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of PNE among relatives of Chinese children with PNE.
  • To investigate the inheritance patterns of PNE.
  • To identify characteristics of PNE in children with a positive family history.

Main Methods:

  • An epidemiological survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires for parents of 5-18-year-old students in Henan Province, China.
  • Detailed family histories were collected to identify familial PNE.
  • A positive family history was defined as having a close relative with PNE beyond age 5.

Main Results:

  • A positive family history of PNE was found in 22.87% of probands.
  • Autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns were observed in 14.60% and 1.46% of families, respectively.
  • Children with a positive family history had a higher prevalence of severe PNE, daytime symptoms, and sought professional help.

Conclusions:

  • PNE exhibits significant familial aggregation, with diverse inheritance modes possible.
  • A positive family history is associated with more severe PNE manifestations and daytime symptoms.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Anal01:26

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Anal

Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development describes the anal stage as occurring between 18 months and three years of age. During this period, children derive pleasure from controlling and releasing their bowel movements. However, they quickly learn that societal expectations impose restrictions on when and where this can happen. This stage marks a critical point where children begin to develop a sense of control and mastery over their bodily functions, as well as their broader...
Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares often...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...