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Bacterial osmosensing transporters.

Janet M Wood1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Methods in Enzymology
|September 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Cells accumulate compatible solutes to combat dehydration from osmotic stress. This review covers methods for studying osmosensing transporters, crucial for bacterial osmoregulation and survival under varying osmotic conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cells respond to dehydration caused by increased extracellular osmotic pressure by accumulating solutes.
  • This solute accumulation, driven by osmoregulatory genes and enzymes, restores cellular hydration and volume.
  • In bacteria, osmosensing transporters detect osmotic pressure and import compatible organic solutes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review concepts and methods for identifying and studying bacterial osmosensing transporters.
  • To provide context for osmosensory and osmoregulatory mechanisms by discussing bacterial osmotolerance characterization.
  • To highlight the application of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and biophysical tools in understanding these mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Estimation of key solution properties like osmotic pressure and water activity in nonideal solutions (cytoplasm).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Characterization of bacterial osmotolerance.
  • Measurement of osmosensory transporter activity using intact cells, membrane vesicles, and reconstituted proteoliposomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification and characterization of osmosensory transporters, their encoding genes, and osmoprotectant substrates.
    • Elucidation of osmosensory mechanisms through transporter activity measurements.
    • Application of advanced biophysical, biochemical, and molecular tools to study transporter prototypes.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding osmosensing and osmoregulation requires accurate estimation of solution properties.
    • Bacterial osmotolerance varies, necessitating tailored characterization techniques.
    • Current research employs a multidisciplinary approach to unravel the structural and functional mechanisms of osmosensing transporters.