Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal <i>in vivo</i> human wound healing model defines key role for smooth muscle cells in ECM remodeling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

STING-STAT3-SOX18 Axis Drives EndMT and Epigenetic Reprogramming in SAVI Lung Fibrosis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Risk of hypertension and heart failure linked to high-normal serum sodium and tonicity in general healthcare electronic medical records.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2025
Same author

Risk for hypertension and heart failure linked to high normal serum sodium and tonicity in electronic medical records.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2024
Same author

Long-term health outcomes associated with hydration status.

Nature reviews. Nephrology·2024
Same author

Mast cell activation and degranulation in acute artery injury: A target for post-operative therapy.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence
06:25

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

Published on: February 10, 2023

Osmotic stress and DNA damage.

Natalia I Dmitrieva1, Maurice B Burg

  • 1Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Methods in Enzymology
|September 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian kidney cells withstand high salt (NaCl) levels, which cause DNA damage. However, these cells can repair the damage when salt concentrations decrease, demonstrating remarkable resilience.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Renal Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian renal inner medullary cells face exceptionally high NaCl concentrations (≥500 mM) in vivo.
  • Despite high salinity, these cells maintain function and survive, indicating robust protective and repair mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate DNA damage induced by osmotic stress in renal medullary cells.
  • To describe methods for detecting and analyzing salt-induced DNA damage.
  • To discuss the limitations and influences of specific protocols on DNA damage assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Comet assay (single cell electrophoresis) for detecting DNA strand breaks.
  • TUNEL assay (in situ labeling of 3'-OH ends) for identifying DNA strand breaks.

More Related Videos

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase
07:11

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase

Published on: April 16, 2021

Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle
08:30

Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle

Published on: December 22, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence
06:25

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

Published on: February 10, 2023

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase
07:11

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase

Published on: April 16, 2021

Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle
08:30

Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle

Published on: December 22, 2023

Main Results:

  • High NaCl concentrations induce DNA damage in renal medullary cells.
  • This DNA damage is rapidly repaired upon reduction of NaCl concentration.
  • Both cell culture and in vivo models show this response.

Conclusions:

  • Renal medullary cells possess mechanisms to tolerate and repair DNA damage caused by high osmotic stress.
  • The comet assay and TUNEL assay are valuable tools for studying DNA damage under osmotic stress.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for renal health and disease research.