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PCR

PCR

Labeling DNA Probes

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres

Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres

Published on: October 23, 2011

Connector inversion probe technology: a powerful one-primer multiplex DNA amplification system for numerous

Michael S Akhras¹, Magnus Unemo, Sreedevi Thiyagarajan

¹Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.

|September 20, 2007

Summary

We developed a novel one-primer multiplex amplification system called Connector Inversion Probe (CIPer) for pathogen genetic analysis. This versatile tool enables pathogen diagnosis, typing, and antibiotic resistance screening, enhancing molecular diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Pathogen Diagnostics

Background:

Existing molecular assays have limitations in multiplexing capabilities.
There is a need for versatile genetic tools for pathogen identification and resistance profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel one-primer multiplex amplification system.
To demonstrate the utility of the Connector Inversion Probe (CIPer) technology for pathogen diagnosis, typing, and antibiotic resistance screening.

Main Methods:

Combined Molecular Inversion Probe (MIP) components with a gap-filling strategy.
Developed a Connector Inversion Probe (CIPer) based assay.
Applied CIPer for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping and Neisseria gonorrhoeae antibiotic resistance mutation screening.

Main Results:

Successfully created a versatile one-primer multiplex amplification system.
Demonstrated proof-of-concept for pathogen diagnosis and typing (HPV).
Showcased utility for antibiotic resistance screening (N. gonorrhoeae).

Conclusions:

Connector Inversion Probe (CIPer) technology offers a powerful and versatile platform for molecular diagnostics.
CIPer has potential for integration with advanced techniques like digital amplification and next-generation sequencing.
Future applications include two-dimension informational barcodes (MMPs) and user-friendly probe design software.