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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Touchscreen Sustained Attention Task (SAT) for Rats
09:31

Touchscreen Sustained Attention Task (SAT) for Rats

Published on: September 15, 2017

Sustained attention in major unipolar depression.

Jaap van der Meere1, Norbert Börger, Titus van Os

  • 1Laboratory of Developmental and Experimental Clinical Psychology, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|September 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Depressed patients showed a significant decline in performance on a sustained attention task. This indicates a deficit in sustained attention in major unipolar depression.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Major unipolar depression is a prevalent mood disorder.
  • Deficits in cognitive functions, including attention, are frequently reported in depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sustained attention in patients with major unipolar depression.
  • To compare the performance decrement over time between depressed patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A non-interrupted vigilance task lasting 36 minutes was administered.
  • 17 patients diagnosed with major unipolar depression and 17 healthy controls participated.

Main Results:

  • The depressed group exhibited a performance decrement over the duration of the task.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Published on: September 15, 2017

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rats based on the Mongolian medicine
05:56

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  • This decrement suggests a deficit in sustained attention among individuals with major unipolar depression.
  • Conclusions:

    • Sustained attention is impaired in major unipolar depression.
    • Vigilance tasks can reveal cognitive deficits in depressed populations.