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V Gourgoulis1, N Aggeloussis, N Vezos

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Swimming Performance

Background:

  • Hand paddles are commonly used in swimming training to enhance propulsion.
  • Understanding their kinematic effects is crucial for optimizing training protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different hand paddle sizes on front crawl swimming kinematics.
  • To analyze changes in stroke length, velocity, stroke rate, and hand orientation.

Main Methods:

  • Ten elite female swimmers participated in the study.
  • Kinematic data were collected using four high-speed cameras and analyzed with the Ariel Performance Analysis System.
  • Swimmers performed front crawl strokes with and without small and large hand paddles.

Main Results:

  • Increased paddle size led to significant increases in stroke length, mean swimming velocity, and stroke duration (p < 0.05).
  • Average hand velocity during pull and push phases decreased significantly with larger paddles (p < 0.05).
  • Stroke rate decreased significantly only with large paddles (p < 0.05), while hand pitch, sweepback angles, and phase durations remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Hand paddles enhance propulsive elements like stroke length and velocity.
  • Paddle use does not significantly alter the fundamental hand orientation or movement patterns during the underwater stroke.
  • Training modifications are suggested based on paddle size to optimize technique and performance.