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Related Concept Videos

Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Chromatin structure regulates gene conversion.

W Jason Cummings1, Munehisa Yabuki, Ellen C Ordinario

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|September 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin structure influences how cells use DNA sequences for repair. Modifying chromatin in immunoglobulin genes altered gene repair outcomes, suggesting a role in genomic stability.

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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Homology-directed repair (HDR) is crucial for maintaining and altering genomic structure.
  • In DT40 chicken B cells, immunoglobulin genes diversify via gene conversion templated by pseudogene donors.
  • The Vlambda pseudogene array in DT40 exhibits histone modifications linked to active chromatin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of chromatin structure in the utilization of homologous sequences as donors for DNA repair.
  • To understand how chromatin modifications influence gene conversion processes in immunoglobulin gene diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the DT40 chicken B cell line as a model system.
  • Employed a regulatable system to tether Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) to the pseudo-Vlambda donor array via a lactose repressor fusion.
  • Assessed changes in histone acetylation and Vlambda diversification outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The pseudo-Vlambda array showed histone modifications characteristic of active chromatin.
  • Tethering HP1 to the pseudo-Vlambda array reduced histone acetylation.
  • This perturbation altered Vlambda diversification, favoring non-templated mutations over templated ones.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin structure plays a regulatory role in homology-directed repair.
  • Histone modifications may contribute to genomic stability by inhibiting recombination between repetitive sequences.