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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
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Cortical activation in hemianopia after stroke.

Gereon Nelles1, Armin de Greiff, Anja Pscherer

  • 1Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany. gereon.nelles@uni-due.de

Neuroscience Letters
|September 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Stroke patients with hemianopia show significant brain plasticity. Their visual cortex activates differently, with stronger responses in the hemisphere opposite the damaged side, suggesting potential for new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Hemianopia, a visual field defect, is often caused by stroke affecting the visual cortex.
  • Understanding neuroplasticity in the visual cortex is crucial for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuroplastic changes in the visual cortex of stroke patients with hemianopia.
  • To identify specific anatomical areas involved in visual cortex reorganization after ischemic lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation.
  • 13 patients with ischemic lesions and hemianopia were compared to 13 age-matched controls.
  • Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analyzed differences in activation during visual hemifield stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Healthy subjects showed activation in the primary visual cortex (area 17) and extrastriate cortex (areas 18, 19).
  • Patients exhibited activation in these areas when the intact visual field was stimulated.
  • Stimulating the hemianopic visual field in patients led to bilateral extrastriate cortex activation, notably stronger in the ipsilateral (contralesional) hemisphere.

Conclusions:

  • Postgeniculate ischemic lesions trigger extensive neuronal plasticity within the visual cortex.
  • Ipsilateral extrastriate cortex activation during hemianopic field stimulation suggests compensatory mechanisms.
  • Findings may inform therapeutic interventions aimed at visual field recovery after stroke.