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Published on: August 8, 2019
Experiences and suggestions for collection systems for source-separated urine and faeces
1Department of Biometry & Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, SE 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. hakan.jonsson@bt.slu.se
Summary
This study offers design recommendations for urine diversion and dry fecal handling systems. Key findings include mandatory odor traps for larger urine systems and specific pipe dimensions for efficient waste management.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Engineering
- Sanitation Science
- Sustainable Water Management
Background:
- Growing need for sustainable sanitation solutions.
- Limited data on long-term performance of urine diversion and dry fecal systems.
- Importance of effective waste management in residential areas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To collect experiences from existing urine diversion and dry fecal handling systems.
- To provide design recommendations for improving the function of new sanitation systems.
- To enhance the efficiency and acceptability of domestic waste management.
Main Methods:
- Case study analysis of four residential areas in Scandinavia and South Africa.
- Long-term data collection (4-15 years) on urine and fecal collection systems.
- Evaluation of system performance, blockages, and user acceptability.
Main Results:
- Larger urine collection systems (>1 toilet) require odor traps to prevent issues.
- Effective blockage prevention in u-bend traps involves regular cleaning (1-4 times/year).
- Recommended urine pipe diameter is 75 mm with a 1% gradient; smaller systems (<1 toilet) can use 25 mm pipes with a 4% gradient.
- Optimal dry fecal collection involves urine diversion, small bins with high emptying frequency, and easy bin access.
Conclusions:
- Proper design of urine diversion systems is crucial for odor control and pipe function.
- Regular maintenance is essential for the longevity and efficiency of sanitation systems.
- User-centered design, including bin size and accessibility, significantly improves fecal collection acceptability.
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