Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay
Published on: September 30, 2025
Dialysis removes apolipoprotein C-I, improving very low-density lipoprotein clearance
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. gakaysen@ucdavis.edu
Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with dyslipidemia, characterized by increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLPs), including very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), with no change or a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Serum triglycerides and IDL are risk factors for vascular disease in dialysis patients, whereas LDL is not. The principal cause of the increase in TRLPs is decreased removal, not increased synthesis. The clearance defect arises from a reduction in specific lipoprotein receptors, decreases in the activity of lipases, and increased levels of low-molecular weight apolipoproteins that inhibit the interaction between TRLPs and both the receptors and the lipases that catabolize them. VLDL from dialysis patients is structurally abnormal and is not metabolized at a normal rate by lipoprotein lipase (LPL).
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