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Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

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The development of temporal metamemory.

William J Friedman¹

¹Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA. friedman@oberlin.edu

Child Development

|September 22, 2007

Summary

Adults possess accurate knowledge of temporal memory, while children develop an understanding of memory properties between 8 and 12 years old. Children

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Understanding the properties and processes of memory for past events is crucial in cognitive and developmental research.
Investigating how individuals, particularly children, conceptualize and utilize temporal memory provides insights into cognitive development.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the knowledge of temporal memory properties and processes in children and adults.
To determine the age at which children acquire an understanding of temporal memory functions.

Main Methods:

Two studies were conducted involving 178 children (5-13 years) and 40 adults.
Participants answered questions regarding memory for event timing, retention intervals, and method effectiveness.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Published on: June 18, 2018

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Published on: April 28, 2016

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Published on: November 14, 2018

Main Results:

Adults demonstrated accurate knowledge of temporal memory properties and underlying processes.
Understanding of various temporal memory properties emerged between 8 and 12 years of age.
Knowledge of reconstructive processes and temporal distance impressions developed after their actual use in memory recall.

Conclusions:

Cognitive development involves a gradual understanding of temporal memory, with explicit knowledge emerging later than implicit use.
This research highlights developmental differences in metacognitive awareness of memory for time.